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The 3 H and BMSEST Models for Spirituality in Multicultural Whole-Person Medicine

Primary Author: Gowri Anandarajah, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University

This article from the Annals of Family Medicine (volume 6, issue 5) describes the 3 H (head, heart, hands) and the BMSEST models (body, mind, spirit, environment, social, transcendent) for looking at spirituality in medicine as a part of whole-person care.

Date Last Modified 09/01/2008 Article

An Analysis of the Field of Spirituality, Religion and Health (S/RH)

Primary Author: David J. Hufford, Penn State College of Medicine

In-depth review from 2005 discussing the field of research into spirituality, health, and religion. This analysis was commissioned by the Metanexus Institute.

Date Last Modified 06/05/2005 Report/Document/Book chapter

Body/Mind/Spirit: Toward a Biopsychosocial-spiritual Model of Health

Primary Author: National Center for Cultural Competence

Website exploring the Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Model of health. Includes the following:

- Definitions of spirituality, religion, health, sickness, and illness
- Discussion of Spirituality, Religion and Healing
- The Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Model
- Spirituality of Children
- Spiritual Pain and Distress
- Assessment of Spirituality and Religion
- Professional Training and Development

Date Last Modified Website, Tutorial

Chapter 3: Spirituality in the Care of the Aging and Dying

Primary Author: Christina M. Puchalski, GWish: The George Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health

This chapter from the book "Pain Management at the End of Life" is available for download as a pdf from the Hospice Foundation of American for $2.50. In it Dr. Puchalski differentiates physical pain from spiritual suffering and discusses how the two oftentimes combine at the end of life.

Date Last Modified 12/31/2006 Report/Document/Book chapter

Conceptualising spirituality for medical research and health service provision

Primary Author: Michael B. King, University College London Medical School

This is a review article from BMC Health Services Research. Below is the abstract:

The need to take account of spirituality in research and health services provision is assuming ever greater importance. However the field has long been hampered by a lack of conceptual clarity about the nature of spirituality itself. We do not agree with the sceptical claim that it is impossible to conceptualise spirituality within a scientific paradigm. Our aims are to:

1) provide a brief overview of critical thinking that might form the basis for a useful definition of spirituality for research and clinical work

2) demystify the language of spirituality for clinical practice and research.

Date Last Modified 07/13/2009 Article